Name Class Date 2.5Creating and Solving Compound Inequalities Essential Question: How can you solve a compound inequality and graph the solution set? Resource Locker Explore Truth Tables and Compound Statements A compound statement is formed by combining two or more simple statements. A compound statement can be true or false. A compound statement involving AND is true when both simple statements are true. A compound statement involving OR is true when either one simple statement or both are true. A Complete the truth table. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company P Q A dog is a mammal. Red is a color. A dog is a mammal. Red is not a color. A dog is a fish. Red is a color. A dog is a fish. Red is not a color. P True or False? B P AND Q is true when . C Complete the truth table. P Q 1 is an odd number. 2 is an even number. 1 is an odd number. 2 is an odd number. 1 is an even number. 2 is an even number 1 is an even number. 2 is an odd number. D P True or False? Q True or False? P AND Q True or False? Q True or False? P OR Q True or False? P OR Q is true when . Reflect 1. Give two simple statements P and Q for which P AND Q is false and P OR Q is true. Module 2 81 Lesson 5 Explain 1 Solving Compound Inequalities Involving AND Combining two or more simple inequalities forms a compound inequality. The graph of a compound inequality involving AND is the intersection, or the overlapping region, of the simple inequality graphs. Compound Inequalities: AND Words Algebra All real numbers greater than 2 AND less than 6 x > 2 AND x < 6 2<x<6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All real numbers greater than or equal to 2 AND less than or equal to 6 x ≥ 2 AND x ≤ 6 2≤x≤6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Solve each compound inequality and graph the solutions. Example 1 A Graph 4≤x+2≤8 4≤x+2 x+2≤8 AND 4-2≤x+2-2 Write the compound inequality using AND. x+2-2≤8-2 2≤x x≤6 Subtract 2 from both sides of each simple inequality. Simplify. Graph 2 ≤ x. Graph x ≤ 6. Graph the intersection by finding where the two graphs overlap. B -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 -5 ≤ 2x + 3 < 9 -5 - ≤ 2x + 3 - <9- Subtract ≤ 2x < from each part of the inequality. Simplify. . Divide each part of the inequality by ≤x< © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company -8 ≤ _ 2x < _ 6 _ Simplify. Graph -4 ≤ x. Graph x < 3. Graph the intersection by finding where the two graphs overlap. Module 2 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 82 0 1 2 3 4 5 Lesson 5 Reflect 2. Discussion Explain why 2 ≤ x ≤ 6 can be considered the short method for writing the AND compound inequality x ≥ 2 AND x ≤ 6. YourTurn Solve each compound inequality and graph the solutions. 3. 4. -2 < x - 3 < 5 0 -10 < 3x + 2 ≤ 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Explain 2 Solving Compound Inequalities Involving OR The graph of a compound inequality involving OR is the union, or the combined region, of the simple inequality graphs. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Compound Inequalities: OR Words Algebra All real numbers less than 2 OR greater than 6 x < 2 OR x > 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All real numbers less than or equal to 2 OR greater than or equal to 6 x ≤ 2 OR x ≥ 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Module 2 83 Graph Lesson 5 Example 2 A Solve each compound inequality and graph the solutions. -4 + x > 1 OR -4 + x < -3 -4 + x > 1 OR -4 + 4 + x > 1 + 4 -4 + x < -3 Write the compound inequality using OR. -4 + 4 + x < -3 + 4 x>5 x<1 Add 4 to both sides of each simple inequality. Simplify. Graph x > 5. Graph x < 1. Graph the union by combining the graphs. B -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2x ≤ 6 OR 3x > 12 2x ≤ 6 OR 3x > 12 2x ≤ _ 6 _ OR 3x > _ 12 _ x≤ OR x> Write the compound inequality using OR. . Divide the first simple inequality by Divide the second simple inequality by . . Simplify. Graph x ≤ 3. Graph x > 4. Graph the union by combining the graphs. -4 -3 -2 -1 -0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reflect 5. Critical Thinking What kind of compound inequality has no solution? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Module 2 84 Lesson 5 Your Turn Solve each compound inequality and graph the solutions. 6. 7. x - 5 ≥ -2 OR x -5 ≤ -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 4x -1 < 15 OR 8x ≥ 48 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 Creating Compound Inequalities From Graphs Explain 3 Given a number line graph with a solution set graphed, you can create a compound inequality to fit the graph. Write the compound inequality shown by each graph. Example 3 A -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The shaded portion of the graph is not between two values, so the compound inequality involves OR. On the left, the graph shows an arrow pointing left from -1 and a solid circle, so use ≤. The inequality is x ≤ -1. On the right, the graph shows an arrow pointing right from 7 and a solid circle, so use ≥. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company The inequality is x ≥ 7. The compound inequality is x ≤ -1 OR x ≥ 7. B -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The graph is shaded between the values The graph is shaded to the right/left of symbol and the circle is open/solid, so use the inequality . The graph is shaded to the right/left of and the circle is open/solid, so use the inequality . The inequality is . The compound inequality is Module 2 , so the compound inequality involves AND. . The inequality is symbol and . 85 Lesson 5 Reflect 8. What is a short method to write the compound inequality x ≥ 0 AND x < 6? Your Turn Write the compound inequality shown by each graph. 9. 10. -10-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 Explain 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 5 Expressing Acceptable Levels with Compound Inequalities You can express quality-controls levels in real-world problems using compound inequalities. A © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Example 4 Write a compound inequality to represent the indicated quality-control level, and graph the solutions. The recommended pH level for swimming pool water is between 7.2 and 7.6, inclusive. Let p be the pH level of swimming pool water. 7.2 is less than or equal to pH level is less than or equal to 7.6 7.2 ≤ p ≤ 7.6 The compound inequality is 7.2 ≤ p ≤ 7.6. Graph the solutions. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 Module 2 86 Lesson 5 B The recommended free chlorine level for swimming pool water is between 1.0 and 3.0 parts per million, inclusive. Let c be the free chlorine level in the pool. is less than or equal to free chlorine level is less than or equal to c The compound inequality is Graph the solutions. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ≤c≤ 8 . 9 10 Reflect 11. Discussion What does the phrase “between 7.2 and 7.6, inclusive” mean? Your Turn Write a compound inequality to represent the indicated quality-control level, and graph the solutions. 12. The recommended alkalinity level for swimming pool water is between 80 and 120 parts per million, inclusive. 0 40 80 120 160 200 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Elaborate 13. Explain the difference between graphing a compound inequality involving AND and graphing a compound inequality involving OR. 14. How can you tell whether a compound inequality involves AND or OR from looking at its graph? 15. Essential Question Check-In Explain how to find the solutions of a compound inequality. Module 2 87 Lesson 5 Evaluate: Homework and Practice • Online Homework • Hints and Help • Extra Practice Complete the truth tables. 1. P Q An apple is a fruit. A carrot is a vegetable. An apple is a fruit. A carrot is a fruit. An apple is a vegetable. A carrot is a vegetable. An apple is a vegetable. A carrot is a fruit. P True or False? Q True or False? P AND Q True or False? P True or False? Q True or False? P OR Q True or False? 2. P Q Blue is a color. Five is a number. Blue is a color. Five is a color. Blue is a number. Five is a number. Blue is a number. Five is a color. Solve each compound inequality and graph the solutions. 3. -3 < 3x ≤ 9 4. 5. 6 7 2 3 4 5 -20 8 6. 0 1 2 3 4 5 8. 6 7 Module 2 -8 -4 0 10 20 1≤x + 7<7 0 1 2 x - 2 ≤ - 6 OR 8x + 1 ≥ 41 _ 5 -30 x - 12 < - 2 -6 <_ 4 -12 -10 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4x + 3 < -5 OR 4x + 3 > 23 -3 -2 -1 9. 1 x - 5 < 3 OR x - 5 ≥ 8 5 7. 0 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 ≤ 2x - 10 ≤ 20 -20 -10 0 10 20 10. x + 7 ≤ 7 OR 5 + 2x > 7 0 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 4 88 0 1 2 3 4 5 Lesson 5 Write the compound inequality shown by each graph. 11. 12. -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -10-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 13. 5 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 14. 6 7 8 -4 -3 -2 -1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 15. 0 16. Module 2 1 2 3 5 89 Lesson 5 Write a compound inequality to show the levels that are within each range. Then graph the solutions. 17. Biology An iguana needs to live in a warm environment. The temperature in a pet iguana’s cage should be between 70 °F and 95 °F, inclusive. 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 18. Meteorology One layer of Earth’s atmosphere is called the stratosphere. At one point above Earth’s surface, the stratosphere extends from an altitude of 16 kilometers to an altitude of 50 kilometers. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 19. Music A typical acoustic guitar has a range of three octaves. When the guitar is tuned to “concert pitch,” the range of frequencies for those three octaves is between 82.4 Hertz and 659.2 Hertz inclusive. 0 200 400 20. Transportation The cruise-control function on Georgina’s car should keep the speed of the car within 3 miles per hour of the set speed. The set speed is 55 miles per hour. 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Thanapol Kuptanisakorn/Alamy 21. Chemistry Water is not a liquid if its temperature is above 100 °C or below 0 °C. 0 40 80 120 160 22. Sports The ball used in a soccer game may not weigh more than 16 ounces or less than 14 ounces at the start of the match. After 1.5 ounces of air were added to a ball, the ball was approved for use in a game. 10 11 12 13 14 15 23. Match the compound inequalities with the graphs of their solutions. A. -26 < 6x - 8 < 16 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x+2 1 ≤ _ ≤ 2 B. - _ 3 3 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x - 5 > -3 C. 4x + 1 < -11 OR _ 2 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x - 6 ≤ -3 OR 2x + 8 ≥ 16 D. _ 3 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Module 2 90 Lesson 5 H.O.T. Focus on Higher Order Thinking 24. Multi-Step Jenna’s band is going to record a CD at a recording studio. They will pay $225 to use the studio for one day and $80 per hour for sound technicians. Jenna has $200 and can reasonably expect to raise up to an additional $350 by taking pre-orders for the CDs. a. Explain how the inequality 200 ≤ 225 + 80n ≤ 550 can be used to find the number of hours Jenna and her band can afford to use the studio and sound technicians. b. Solve the inequality. Are there any numbers in the solution set that are not reasonable in this situation? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©bikeriderlondon/Shutterstock c. Suppose Jenna raises $350 in pre-orders. How much more money would she need to raise if she wanted to use the studio and sound technicians for 6 hours? 25. Explain the Error A student solves the compound inequality 15 ≤ 2x + 5 ≤ 17 and finds the solutions of the compound inequality to be all real numbers. Explain and correct the student’s mistake. Graph the actual solutions to back up your answer. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 26. Communicate Mathematical Thinking Describe the solutions of the compound inequalities. x > 9 AND x < 9 x < 9 OR x > 9 x ≥ 9 AND x ≤ 9 x ≤ 9 OR x ≥ 9 Module 2 91 Lesson 5 Lesson Performance Task The table gives the melting point and boiling point of various elements. Write a compound inequality for each element to show the temperature range of the element in its liquid state. Graph the solutions of each. Suppose you were to set the temperature of each element to its melting point and increase the temperature of each element at the same rate. Which element will remain liquid for the longest amount of time? Which element will reach its boiling point first? Explain. Melting Point (°C) Boiling Point (°C) Gold 1064 2856 Copper 1085 2562 Iron 1538 2861 Lead 327 1749 Aluminum 660 2519 Element Gold 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 Copper Iron Aluminum Module 2 92 Lesson 5 © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Lead