Which digestive process does NOT occur in the mouth? The deciduous dentition consists of __________ teeth. Which of the following is
produced in the stomach and contributes directly to the absorption of vitamin B12? The __________ is the first segment of the small intestine. Which of the following is NOT a structural modification of the small intestine that increases surface area? circular folds Which major process involves the removal of water from intestinal contents?
Where does the process of segmentation occur? How would you classify chewing food? Which organ of the digestive tract is the body's major digestive organ? Which of the following is NOT a means of mechanically breaking down food? segmentation Which of the following is least involved in the mechanical breakdown of food, digestion, or absorption? the small intestine The chemical process of food breakdown is called ________. secretion When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________. absorption Peristaltic waves are ________. waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________. mastication The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis. T or F? Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium? Which layer of the alimentary canal contains not only glands and blood vessels but also a nerve plexus that helps regulate digestive activity? Bile salts break up the fat globule into smaller fat droplets. This role of bile salts is best described as ________. lipid ingestion Carbohydrates are digested into __________. Which enzyme(s) is/are responsible for the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates? nuclease Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the large intestine? It does not contain villi. It is longer than the small intestine. Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria? absorb bilirubin A ruptured appendix is life threatening because ________. it is likely to cause severe internal bleeding it is likely to cause massive infection of the abdominopelvic cavity An effective way to medically treat diarrhea would be to use a drug that ______. increases the activity of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis inhibits the activity of the myenteric nerve plexus __________ can result if food passes too slowly through the large intestine. Diarrhea As wastes navigate the
large intestine, which features do they pass through, in order? the right colic, left colic, and sigmoid flexures Which of the following propels food residue over large areas of the colon three to four times a day? defecation reflex Peyer's patches are primarily found in the submucosa of the duodenum. T or F Most absorption of nutrients occurs
in the __________. Which of these best describes a lacteal? a lymphatic vessel designed to help introduce fats to the blood Which cells in the small intestine's mucosa secrete mucus? The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the ________. hepatopancreatic ampulla Pancreatic juice does NOT contain __________. bicarbonate ions Bile is secreted by the __________ under hormonal influence of __________. Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract? Which of the following constitute a portal triad? a bile duct along with a portal venule and arteriole Most gastric ulcers are due to excessive production of hydrochloric acid. t or f? Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.T or F? What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs? Which of the following produce intrinsic factor? zymogenic cells
Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? The bolus is liquefied in the ________ and it is now called chyme. esophagus Generally, the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin which are released by duodenal enteroendocrine cells will ________. increase the force of stomach contractions increase the release of digestive enzymes and bile Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin? vitamin D Which type of nutrient functions primarily as an energy source for cells? carbohydrates Which of the following pathways acts as a source for the electrons carried by the NADH and FADH2 molecules shown in this
figure? both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle Redox reactions __________. are characterized by one substance's gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron A growing child is likely to exhibit negative nitrogen balance. T or F Which type of food molecule provides components for cellular structures like plasma membranes, myelin sheaths, and steroid hormones? Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? meets all the minimum daily requirements for a
healthy diet must contain all the body's amino acid requirements for tissue maintenance and growth The most abundant dietary lipids are ________. fatty acids Why is external respiration (breathing) necessary for cellular respiration? Inhaled oxygen is necessary for the breakdown of glucose in glycolysis. Inhaled oxygen is necessary for receiving electrons and hydrogen ions from the electron transport chain. Which of the following best defines negative nitrogen balance? A negative nitrogen balance is normal and is a way of maintaining homeostasis. Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis. The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.T or F? Vitamins are inorganic compounds that are essential for growth and good health. T or F? What is the primary function of the overall reactions of cellular respiration? to metabolize nutrients __________ refers to reactions in which small molecules are combined to build larger molecules. Carboxylation The term metabolism is best defined as ________. the sum of
all biochemical reactions in the body the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body Catabolism of food molecules involves ________. synthesis reactions Cellular respiration is an anabolic process. True Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones are described as anabolic. True The citric acid cycle occurs in the __________ of cells and is an __________ process. mitochondria; anaerobic Which of the following is NOT an end product of the citric acid cycle? FADH2 Glycogenesis occurs when ATP levels are high and glucose is abundant. True The goal of cellular respiration is to _______. generate body heat convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________. glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate molecules glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate molecules Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________. conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid In gluconeogenesis, during the postabsorptive state, amino acids and ________ are converted to glucose. glucagon Excess acetyl CoA that accumulates during fat breakdown is modified in the liver by which of the following pathways? lipogenesis During ketosis caused by inadequate ingestion of carbohydrates, ______. the glycogen content of the liver is reduced the glycogen content of the liver is reduced The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________. lipogenesis What is the outcome of ketosis? metabolic acidosis When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of ________. glycogen Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized? foods and beverages high in caffeine Glycogen is formed in the liver during the ________. The increased use of noncarbohydrate molecules for energy to conserve glucose is called glucose sparing. True Which of the following is not an essential role of the liver? carbohydrate metabolism |
A ruptured appendix is life threatening because ________.
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