Most people have indigestion (dyspepsia) at some point. Usually, it's not a sign of anything more serious and you can treat it yourself.
Check if you have indigestion
Indigestion can be felt in different ways.
You can have the following symptoms after eating or drinking:
- heartburn – a painful burning feeling in the chest, often after eating
- feeling full and bloated
- feeling sick
- burping and farting
- bringing up food or bitter-tasting fluids into your mouth
When it's not indigestion
Stomach ache or back pain are usually not symptoms of indigestion. If you have those you might be constipated.
How you can treat indigestion yourself
There's usually no need to see a GP about indigestion. There are some things you can do at home.
Do
cut down on tea, coffee, cola or alcohol
raise your head and shoulders up when in bed – this can stop stomach acid coming up while you sleep
lose weight if you're overweight
Don’t
do not eat 3 to 4 hours before going to bed
do not have rich, spicy or fatty foods
do not take ibuprofen or aspirin – this can make indigestion worse
do not smoke
A pharmacist can help with indigestion
A pharmacist can recommend medicines to ease the burning feeling or pain that can come with indigestion.
Medicines that can help with indigestion include:
- antacids
- alginates
- proton pump inhibitors
Some indigestion medicines are best to take after eating as their effects last longer. Check the information leaflet that comes with the medicines for more information.
Find a pharmacy
Pregnant women: treating indigestion
Pregnant women often get indigestion. It's very common from 27 weeks onwards.
It can be caused by hormonal changes and the growing baby pressing against the stomach.
A pharmacist can help with uncomfortable feelings or pain. They can recommend the best medicines to use when you're pregnant.
Non-urgent advice: See a GP if you:
- keep getting indigestion
- are in severe pain
- have lost a lot of weight without meaning to
- have difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- keep being sick
- have iron deficiency anaemia
- feel like you have a lump in your stomach
- have bloody vomit or poo
These symptoms can be a sign of something more serious.
What causes indigestion
Indigestion is often caused by acid from your stomach irritating your stomach lining or throat. This is called acid reflux.
This can be caused or made worse by:
- certain food and drink – such as coffee, tomatoes, alcohol, chocolate and fatty or spicy foods
- being overweight
- smoking
- pregnancy
- stress and anxiety
- some medicines, including anti-inflammatory painkillers like ibuprofen
- a hiatus hernia – when part of your stomach moves up into your chest
Indigestion can also be caused by an open sore in your stomach lining (stomach ulcer). Less often, it can be a sign of something more serious such as stomach cancer.
You’re relaxing at home after a delicious meal. You notice you don’t feel quite right. You have an upset stomach. There is a burning sensation in your chest area.
Is it heartburn from indigestion? Could it be a heart attack?
Chest discomfort is the most common symptom of a heart attack, which can be life-threatening. But it can also be a sign of heartburn, which has nothing to do with the heart and is a common symptom of indigestion.
It can sometimes be difficult to tell one from the other. Learning the difference can help you protect your heart health and know when to seek medical attention.
“If you’re not sure if it’s heartburn or a heart attack, and your chest pain is persistent seek medical help right away,” says Kiyon Chung, MD, a Scripps cardiologist. “You will be checked immediately to rule out a heart attack. If your chest pain turns out to be a heart attack, doctors will work to lessen any heart damage.”
If it’s indigestion, you’ll want to make sure it doesn’t become a chronic problem. You may be able to find quick relief taking an over-the-counter antacid or other medication.
What is indigestion?
Heartburn is a symptom of indigestion or acid reflux. It happens when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, the food pipe that connects the throat to the stomach. This backflow causes a burning feeling or pain in the chest. Another symptom is regurgitation, which is when food rises in the back of the throat.
Many foods can trigger indigestion, including spicy foods. Other things you can do to prevent indigestion include cutting out alcohol, cigarettes, citrus, aspirin as well as eating close to bedtime or late at night.
Check with your doctor if you have recurring heartburn. You may have gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD. This is a chronic digestive condition that can lead to complications if left untreated.
What is a heart attack?
A heart attack occurs when an artery supplying the heart muscle with blood and oxygen is blocked. Blockage is often due to buildup of fat, cholesterol and other substances, which form plaque in the coronary arteries that feed the heart.
It can be difficult to tell heartburn from a heart attack largely because the esophagus is near the heart. But there are differences.
Symptoms of heart attack
The type of chest discomfort in a heart attack is different than what is typically experienced with indigestion.
The classic symptoms of a heart attack are:
- Crushing pain or pressure in the center of the chest
- Pain or tightness that spreads to the back, neck, shoulder, jaw, or arms
- Severe shortness of breath
People experiencing a heart attack may also experience sweating, toothache, headache, heartburn, nausea and vomiting.
Women and heart disease
Research shows that women can experience heart attacks differently than men.
A study in the scientific journal Circulation found only 30% of women had traditional chest pain symptoms. Many had other symptoms, such as shortness of breath, weakness, cold sweat, nausea, upset stomach or back pain.
“Since heart attack symptoms can often seem vague in women, many may not realize when they’re having a heart attack and miss the chance to seek immediate, life-saving medical attention,” says Dr. Chung.
When to call 911
If you think you are having a heart attack, call 911 or have someone make the call for you immediately. Getting to an emergency room as quickly as possible is important.
“The longer you delay treatment following the onset of symptoms, the greater the risk of damage to the heart and even death,” Dr. Chung says.