Bed bugs have been around for thousands of years. They feed on blood, but are not known to spread any diseases to humans. Some people can be allergic to their bites. Getting rid of a bed bug infestation is not easy, but there are steps you can take to control the problem. There are also steps you can take to avoid bringing bed bugs home. Show
What are bed bugs?
How can bed bugs get into my home?
How can I avoid bringing bed bugs into my home?
How do I know if I have a bed bug problem?
How do I control a bed bug problem in my home?It can be done, but it usually requires what is called an "integrated pest management" (IPM) approach. This combines techniques that pose the lowest risk to your health and the environment. Try these strategies:
Should I also try pesticides?Pesticides may not be effective and can be dangerous if used improperly. If you decide to use pesticides, follow these rules:
It takes time and persistence to get rid of bed bugs, and in some cases, the cooperation of landlords, neighbors and others. It can be physically and emotionally exhausting. It can also be expensive when pest control companies are called in. Just remember - bed bugs are more of a nuisance than a health concern and, with vigilance, you can avoid or deal with infestations. If you are a renter, the Residential Tenants’ Rights Guide can explain many of the laws that can help you and provide resources where you can find more information about landlord and tenant issues, like bed bug infestations. See the following for more information on bed bug biology and control measures:
Photo courtesy of Dr. Harold Harlan, Armed Forces Pest Management Board Image Library OverviewBed bugs are tiny insects that hide where you sleep and feed on your blood.What are bed bugs?Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are tiny insects that bite people and animals to get blood for food. They are parasites, meaning they need human hosts to supply them with food. Most bites happen while you’re asleep. What do bed bugs look like?Bed bugs are flat, brown or reddish-brown insects with six legs. Adult bed bugs are about the size of an apple seed (5-7 mm). Young bed bugs are white-to-yellow in color or appear translucent if they haven't been fed. Bed bug eggs are very small, about the size of a pinhead, and are a pearly white color. If an egg is more than five days old, it’s marked with a black dot on a white egg. A female bed bug lays 200 to 500 eggs during its lifetime, so even a few bed bugs in your home can quickly turn into an infestation. Where do bed bugs live?Bed bugs are found in all types of locations, from five-star hotels to homes and apartments, dormitories and shelters. They’re found in buses and trains and ships. Bed bugs are found in all corners of the globe. Usually, bed bugs live within eight feet of where you sleep and are mostly active at night. During the day, bed bugs hide in the areas in and around your bed including:
On average, bed bugs live from six to 24 months. Bed bugs usually feed every three to seven days but can survive several months to a year without feeding. How do I know if I have bed bugs?Your first obvious sign might be a bed bug bite. If you have a bite and want to verify if you have bed bugs, check for signs of an infestation including:
Bed bugs move slower than other small bugs, so pay attention to the speed of the bug you find to help with identification. Who do bed bug bites affect?Anyone can get bed bugs. Unfortunately, bed bugs infestations are possible even if you keep your living space spotless. Bed bugs are excellent hitchhikers. They can come into your home on luggage, folded clothing, bedding including used mattresses and other used furniture items and boxes. If you live with a lot of people or with people who travel a lot, you are at greater risk of bringing home these unwanted pests. How common are bed bugs?An estimated 1 in every 5 Americans has either had a bed bug infestation in their home or knows someone who encountered bed bugs in their home or at a hotel. Most pest control professionals report infestations occurring during the summer when travel increases. Often, bed bugs are confused as other pests, like fleas or cockroaches, before being diagnosed by a pest control professional. Symptoms and CausesWhere do bed bugs bite?Bed bugs can bite anywhere on your skin. They specifically target areas of your skin that make contact with your bed, including your:
What are the symptoms of bed bug bites?Symptoms of bed bug bites include:
Just as you probably don’t feel a spider bite while you’re sleeping, you won’t feel a bed bug bite either. Bed bugs have another defense system that prevents you from feeling you’ve been bitten. They inject an anesthetic (numbing) and an anticoagulant (stops bleeding) into your skin when they bite. You may not notice you’ve been bitten until the bite marks appear, which can take from one to a couple of days after the bites. In rare cases, bed bug bites can cause serious reactions. Signs of a serious, even life-threatening reaction (called anaphylaxis) to bed bug bites include:
If you experience any severe symptoms as a reaction to a bed bug bite, visit your healthcare provider immediately. What do bed bug bites look like?Bed bugs bite each person differently, but the most common appearances of bed bug bites include:
Some people may not develop any marks from a bite. Most people develop marks similar to mosquito or flea bites — slightly swollen bumps with a reddish bruise in the middle that itch. What causes bed bug infestations and bites?Bed bugs are nature’s hitchhikers. They travel from other infested areas by attaching themselves to your clothing, bags and luggage or any surface that's soft or upholstered. Once they’re inside your home, bed bugs travel between rooms to find more surfaces to live, breed and feed. Bed bugs bite because they are hungry. They feed on your blood by inserting a beak that resembles a straw into your skin. The bugs drink your blood for a few minutes before becoming full, then detach and crawl away from your body to digest their meal. What are the side effects of bed bug bites?In most people, bed bug bites don’t cause any serious health problems and the bite marks disappear within a few weeks. In others, bite marks may be enlarged or swollen welts and are more painful and itchy. Other health problems from bed bug bites include:
Diagnosis and TestsHow are bed bug bites diagnosed?A visual examination of the bites on your skin gives your healthcare provider proof of a bite, but the bites may look similar to other bug bites. You can confirm the diagnosis by locating and identifying a bed bug in your sleeping environment. Management and TreatmentHow are bed bug bites treated?Fortunately, bed bug bites don’t usually present a serious threat to your health. The best way to treat bed bug bites includes:
If your itching is severe and causes you extreme discomfort, your healthcare provider may prescribe a stronger steroid cream or recommend that you take an over-the-counter or prescription antihistamine medication. It’s important to avoid scratching bed bug bites as much as possible. Scratching the bites can lead to skin tears and infections. What medications are used to treat bed bug bites?To treat the symptoms of the bed bug bite, the following medications can help:
Do bed bug bites spread if I itch my skin?No, bed bug bites don’t multiply if you itch them. Bed bugs also don’t carry or spread disease, so the bite is not contagious. How do I get rid of bed bugs?If you have a bed bug infestation, you can get rid of bed bugs by:
How soon after I treat a bed bug infestation will it go away?Depending on the severity of the bed bug infestation, it could take weeks to months to eliminate the pests. Often, the first attempt to eliminate an infestation is not 100% successful, so keep a watchful eye on the infected area each week to monitor the situation and re-treat as needed. PreventionHow can I prevent bed bug bites?You can best prevent bed bug bites by frequently inspecting your home for signs of the presence of bed bugs. You can also lower your risk of bringing home bed bugs by following these simple steps:
Outlook / PrognosisWhat can I expect if I have bed bug bites?Bed bug bites irritate your skin and can be a discomfort to your daily routine. Bites can cause infection if you scratch too much. Bed bug bites often lead to sleep deprivation due to itching, stress and anxiety inside of your bedroom after finding an infestation. Exterminating the bed bugs leads to more peace of mind. How long do bed bug bites last?Bed bug bites usually heal within a week but could last longer depending on how your body reacts to the bite. If you don’t kill the bed bugs, you might get more bed bug bites until the bugs have been exterminated. Living WithWhen should I see my healthcare provider?You should visit your healthcare provider if you experience severe itching that prevents you from going about your day. If you scratch a lot and the site of the bite turns into sores that are puffy, red and oozing, that may be a sign of infection. Your healthcare provider will help you treat the infection. What questions should I ask my doctor?
Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat is the difference between bed bug bites and other bug bites?While the symptoms for many bug bites include itching, the bite pattern and location help separate each bug to better treat the bite.
A note from Cleveland Clinic Bed bugs are traveling pests whose bite causes itching and discomfort. Take steps to prevent bed bugs from getting comfortable in your home by encasing your mattress in a protective cover and washing your clothing with hot, soapy water immediately when returning from vacation. What kills bed bugs on your skin?The best way to treat bed bug bites includes: Washing the bites gently with soap and water. Applying an anti-itch cream or lotion (look for hydrocortisone 1%) to your skin.
Do bed bugs stay on your skin?Myth 7: Bedbugs travel on our bodies
Bedbugs do not like heat, Kells says. They therefore do not stick in hair or on skin, like lice or ticks, and prefer not to remain in our clothes close to our bodily heat. Bedbugs are more likely to travel on backpacks, luggage, shoes and other items farther removed from our bodies.
How long do bed bugs stay on your body?Depending on the stage of the bedbug, they may feed for as little as 3 minutes or as long as 10-15 minutes. They prefer to feed at night on exposed areas such as the hands, neck, arms, and face.
What can I put on my body to stop bedbugs from biting me?Essential Oils. Most skin-applied pest repellents must be registered by the EPA before they can be marketed, but that hasn't stopped people from concocting their own remedies. ... . Diatomaceous Earth. ... . Peppermint Leaves and Oil. ... . Black Walnut Tea. ... . Petroleum Jelly. ... . Rubbing Alcohol. ... . Baby Powder. ... . Dryer Sheets.. |